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Jo Lancaster
John Oliver Lancaster DFC (born 4 February 1919) is a former Royal Air Force bomber pilot who transitioned to a career as a test pilot for various firms. On 30 May 1949, he ejected from the experimental Armstrong Whitworth A.W.52 flying wing in a "primitive" Martin-Baker Mk.1 seat, becoming the first person to eject from a British aircraft in an emergency.〔London, UK: ''Aeroplane'', Lancaster, Jo O., "Setting the Record Straight", October 2006, Volume 34, Number 10, No. 402, pp.42–46.〕
==Early career==
In 1935, Lancaster joined Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft Ltd. on an engineering apprenticeship.〔London, UK: ''Flight'', Illiffe Transport Publications, "Testing Circumstances: Routine of the Test Pilot's Day", 9 September 1960, page 438.〕 In 1937 he joined the RAF Volunteer service, undergoing pilot training on DH 82 Tiger Moths. He was, however, apparently expelled from the programme in 1938 for low aerobatics. "Following the outbreak of war and after brief encounters with the Royal Warwickshire Regiment and Royal Navy he was accepted back by the RAF."
In 1940 he underwent repeat training on Tiger Moths, and in 1941 was posted to No. 20 OTU at RAF Lossiemouth for training on the Vickers Wellington Mk. 1c. He then joined No. 40 Squadron at RAF Alconbury, completing 31 operations, including missions to Berlin, Stettin, and a formation daylight raid on Brest. He was then posted to No. 22 OTU for instructing duties and in 1942 went on OTU Instructor's Course at Central Flying School, RAF Upavon.〔
On the night of 30–31 May 1942, he flew Wellington ''S9932'' of 22 OTU on an op to Cologne,〔 the first 1,000 plane raid, in which 600 acres (300 acres of the city centre) were damaged, 13,000 homes destroyed with another 6,000 badly damaged, leaving some 45,000 people homeless. The city suffered 5,000 casualties, including 469 deaths. Of the 1,046 bombers involved, "39 were lost – primarily to night fighters. This represented a loss of 4 percent which was considered the maximum Bomber Command could sustain." On 1–2 June 1942, piloted Wellington ''S9932'' of 22 OTU on an op to Essen. Assigned to newly established 28 OTU, at RAF Wymeswold, then was posted for a second tour with 12 Squadron at RAF Wickenby as they were converting to Lancasters. In 1943 he completed his second tour bringing his total to 54 operations.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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